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Patient information; genetics & inheritance [Xhosa]
Yintoni imfuzo?
Kuxa abazali bakho, okanye omnye womzali edlulise iimpawu ezifana nezakhe ebantwaneni bakhe. Umzekelo, umntwana onomzali othintithayo naye aze athintithe siye sithi ufuze loomzali.
Lwenzeka njani ufuzo?
Imizimba yethu yakhiwe ngezinto ekuthiwa zii‘cells’ (seli) ngokwelasemzini. Ii- cells ke zinento ekuthiwa yi-nucleus (nyukliyasi) apha ngaphakathi. Umzekelo esinokuwenza ukukunika umfanekiso ngqondweni ngoweqanda. Siyazi ke sonke ukuba iqanda linomthubi. Iqanda ke lilonke masithi liyi-cell, aze umthubi abe yinyukliyasi.
Inyukliyasi ke, ithi ibenezinto ekuthiwa ziikhromozoms (chromosomes). Inyukliyasi nganye iba nee khromozoms eziyi -46, eziyi -23 zivela kumama, nezinye eziyi-23 zivela kutata. Iikhromozoms ke zithwala izinto ekuthiwa zii-genes (iijinizi). Iijinizi singathi yimbewu yemfuzo. Iijinizi ezi zinemiyalezo yeempawu zokufana komntwana nomzali. Umzali uye ayidlulise lembewu kwisizukulwana esilandelayo, naso eso sizukulwana siyidlulisele kwesilandelayo njalo-njalo.
Ingaba zifuzwa njani izigulo?
Ngexesha lokwenzeka komntwana iikhromozoms eziyi- 23 zikamama zisuka eqandeni (ovum) likamama zidibana nezingama 23 ezivela kwi-spem (sperm cell) esinye sikatata. Ukuba kuye kwakho ukuphazamiseka kwenye yeezokhromozoms ngexesha lokwenzeka komntwana, untwana uye abenaloo khromozom iphazamisekileyo, nto leyo ithi ibe nokudala izigulo zemfuzo. Oku kubonisa ukuba amathuba osana ukuba makabe nalekhromozom iphazamesikileyo mahlanu eshumini. Maxa wambi kuye kuthi kanti ukuphazamiseka kweekhromozomz lweenzeka kookhokho bomzali lowo, zaze zadlulela kwizizukulwana ezilandelayo. Yinto ke leyo ethetha ukuba ikhromozom yaloo mzali usisizukulwana saloo khokho iphazamisekile nayo.
Ingaba ziyanyangeka na ezi zigulo?
Okwangoku unyango lwezi zigulo alukafumaneki. Oogqirha basalwenza uphando lomthi onokunyanga ezizifo. Kodwa ke, bayabanika abantu abathe bafunyanwa zezi zigulo amayeza okudambisa iimpawu ezithi zivela ngenxa yezi zifo. Umzekelo: amayeza okulala kwabangalali ngokwaneleyo, okanye amayeza okuxhuzula kwabaxhuzulayo, njalo-njalo.
Ikhona na indlela ezinokukhuselwa ngayo ezi zigulo?
Ewe kwizigulo ezithile zoluhlobo, hayi zonke. Kuye kwenziwe uvavanyo lwee jinizi zomntu, ukukhangela ukuba ikhona na ephazamisekileyo. Ukuba ke ithe yafunyaniswa ikhona, loo mntu uye acetyiswe ukuba xa ekhulelwe okanye iqabane lakhe likhulelwe azokwenza uvavanyo leejinizi zosana lusesesibelekweni.
Ukuba usana lunazo nalo iijinizi eziphazamisekileyo, umzali inikwa ithuba lokukhetha ukuba aqhubekeke nokukhulelwa oko, okanye asikhuphe isisu eso.
Masikhumbule kaloku ukuba amathuba okufumana umntwana onokuba nesisifo ukuba sikhona efemelini yomzali mahlanu eshumini. Ngoko ke umntu usenokuzikhethela ukuba abenabo na abantwana okanye angabinabo.
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